英文对话模式作文高中？读博士期间,他与导师合作完成了近20篇论文,全部以英文发表在国内外核心学术刊物上。科研课题“动态系统的辨识与适应控制”,获得1987年国家自然科学三等奖,同时也被国际自动控制联合会理论委员会选为1984年至1986年国际控制理论的重要进展之一,这是当时所有被选入的结果中唯一一项完全由中国人在中国本土上取得的成果。那么，英文对话模式作文高中？一起来了解一下吧。
“Don't scientists have a responsibility to use animals in order to find cures for human diseases?”
Educating people and encouraging them to avoid fat and cholesterol, quit smoking, reduce alcohol and other drug consumption, exercise regularly, and clean up the environment will save more human lives and prevent more human suffering than all the animal tests in the world. Animal tests are primitive, and modern technology and human clinical tests are much more effective and reliable.
Even if we had no alternative to using animals, which is not the case, animal testing would still be ethically unacceptable. As George Bernard Shaw once said, “You do not settle whether an experiment is justified or not by merely showing that it is of some use. The distinction is not between useful and useless experiments, but between barbarous and civilized behaviour.” After all, there are probably some medical problems that can only be cured by testing on unwilling humans, but we don’t conduct such tests because we recognize that it would be wrong to do so.
“If we didn’t use animals, wouldn’t we have to test new drugs on people?”
The choice isn’t between animals and people. There is no guarantee that drugs are safe—even if they have been tested on animals—because the physiological differences between humans and other animals prevent the results of animal tests from being accurately extrapolated to humans. Some drugs that have been approved through animal tests can cause serious and unexpected side effects for humans. A 2002 report in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that in the last 25 years, more than 50 FDA-approved drugs had to be taken off the market or relabeled because they caused “adverse reactions.” In 2000 alone, the prescription drugs removed from the market were the popular heartburn drug Propulsid (removed because it caused “fatal heart rhythm abnormalities”), the diabetes drug Rezulin (“removed after causing liver failure”), and the irritable-bowel-syndrome treatment Lotronex (“removed for causing fatal constipation and colitis”). According to the study’s lead author, “Millions of patients are exposed to potentially unsafe drugs each year.”
If the pharmaceutical industry switched from animal experiments to quantum pharmacology and in vitro tests, we would be better protected from harmful drugs, not less protected.
“If we didn’t test on animals, how would we conduct medical research?”
Human clinical and epidemiological studies, studies on cadavers, and computer simulations are faster, more reliable, less expensive, and more humane than animal tests. Ingenious scientists have used human brain cells to develop a model “microbrain” that can be used to study tumors and have also come up with artificial skin and bone marrow. Instead of killing animals, we can now test irritancy on egg membranes, produce vaccines from cell cultures, and perform pregnancy tests using blood samples. As Gordon Baxter, cofounder of Pharmagene Laboratories—a company that uses only human tissue and computers to develop and test its drugs—says, “If you have information on human genes, what’s the point of going back to animals?”
“Doesn't animal experimentation help animals by advancing veterinary science?”
The point is not whether animal experimentation can be useful to animals or humans; the point is that we do not have the moral right to inflict unnecessary suffering on those who are at our mercy. Saying that it’s acceptable to experiment on animals to advance veterinary science is like saying that it’s acceptable to experiment on poor children to benefit rich ones.
“Don’t medical students have to dissect animals?”
No, they don’t. In fact, more and more medical students are becoming conscientious objectors who choose to learn by assisting experienced surgeons instead of by using animals. In Great Britain, it is against the law for medical students to practice surgery on animals, and British physicians are just as competent as those who were educated elsewhere. Many of the leading U.S. medical schools, including Harvard, Yale, and Stanford, now use innovative, clinical teaching methods instead of cruel animal laboratories. Harvard, for instance, offers a cardiac-anesthesia practicum in which students observe human heart bypass operations instead of performing terminal surgery on dogs. The Harvard staff members who developed this practicum have recommended that it be implemented elsewhere.
“Should we throw out all the drugs that were developed and tested on animals? Would you refuse to take them?”
Unfortunately, a number of things in our society came about through the exploitation of others. For instance, many of the roads that we drive on were built by slaves. We can’t change the past; those who have already suffered and died are lost. But what we can do is change the future by using non-animal research methods from now on.
“Don't scientists care about the animals they experiment on? Doesn't their research depend on the animals’ well-being?”
Investigations at even the most prestigious institutions show that this is simply not the case. At the City of Hope in California, one of the country’s most prominent research facilities, animals starved to death and drowned in their own feces. Many experimenters become calloused after years of research and don’t see the animals’ suffering. They treat animals like disposable tools and consider proper animal care to be too expensive.
“Don't peer-review and animal-care committees prevent animal cruelty at institutions?”
No, because many such committees are composed mainly or completely of people who have vested interests in the continuation of animal experimentation. Members of the public were not allowed access to committee meetings until lawsuits were filed.
“Cats and dogs are killed in pounds anyway, so why not let them be used in experiments to save lives?”
A painless death at an animal shelter is a far cry from a life of severe pain and deprivation and an agonizing death in a laboratory.
“Would you support an experiment that would sacrifice 10 animals to save 10,000 people?”
No. Look at it another way: Suppose that the only way to save 10,000 people was to experiment on one mentally challenged orphan. If saving people is the goal, wouldn’t that be worth it? Most people would agree that it would be wrong to sacrifice one human for the “greater good” of others because it would violate that individual’s rights, but when it comes to sacrificing animals, the assumption is that human beings have rights and animals do not. Yet there is no logical reason to deny animals the same rights that protect individual humans from being sacrificed for the common good.
“What about experiments in which animals are observed and not harmed?”
If there really is no harm, we don’t object. But “no harm” means that animals aren’t isolated in barren, cold steel cages because even confinement causes stress and fear, as shown by the differences in blood pressure between caged and free animals. Caged animals also suffer because they are prevented from performing their normal behaviors and social interactions.
“If you were in a fire and could save either your child or your dog, who would you choose?”
I would save my child, but that’s just instinct. A dog would save her pup. Regardless, my choice proves nothing about the moral legitimacy of animal experiments. I might save my own child instead of my neighbor’s, but that hardly proves that experimentation on my neighbor’s child is acceptable.
“Why Should Animals Have Rights?”
Supporters of animal rights believe that animals have an inherent worth—a value completely separate from their usefulness to humans. We believe that every creature with a will to live has a right to live free from pain and suffering. For more information, click here.
EU proposes to strengthen protection of animals used in scientific experiments
The European Commission on Wednesday proposed legislation to strengthen the protection of animals used in scientific experiments and to minimize the number of animals being tested on.
The proposal, which intends to strengthen existing European Union (EU) legislation, asks ethical evaluations to be carried out before projects using animals are authorized and lays down minimum requirements on housing and animal care.
The proposed directive covers all live non-human vertebrate animals plus certain other species likely to experience pain. The use of non-human primates is subject to restrictions, and the use of great apes -- chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans -- is banned in scientific procedures. Only when survival of the species itself is at stake, or in the case of an unexpected outbreak of a life-threatening or debilitating disease in human beings, can a member state exceptionally be granted permission for their use.
The proposal seeks to ensure that animals are used only where no other means are available. Their use must be fully justifiable and the expected benefits must outweigh the harm caused to the animals. The proposal would also ensure that animals receive suitable care and treatment such as appropriately sized cages and an environment adapted to each species.
The proposal would also require projects involving animals to be authorized by a competent authority before they can go ahead. Organizations wishing to breed, supply or use animals would be obliged to seek authorization for their activities and for the personnel working with the animals.
"It is absolutely important to steer away from testing on animals. Scientific research must focus on finding alternative methods to animal testing, but where alternatives are not available the situation of animals still used in experiments must be improved," said EU Environment Commissioner Stavros Dimas.
这事恐怕帮不了你。如果你为了完成作业任务，你大可不用管这作业，没意思！花费这时间来做无意义的事。是哥们就洒脱点，不做了！要做就努力的学习！
两个城市由于天地人，会有很大的不同，看几则英文对话看看它们之间有什么差异吧。下面就由我为大家带来两个城市差异比较英语对话，希望大家有所收获。
：城市和乡村的差异
Todd: So, Mark, I heard that you are going to be leaving Tokyo pretty soon.
Mark: I am. I'm getting out of the city.
Todd: Ah, man, so when you go back to America are you going to live in a big city like Atlanta or Birmingham?
Mark: Well, I from Birmingham, which is a kind of medium sized city, but there's a lot of access to the countryside, cause Birmingham is a medium sized city but Alabama is very rural, so lots of mountains, lots of countryside and I'm actually looking forward to getting into that setting again.
Todd: Oh, man. I don't know dude. I grew up on a farm, and I lived way out in the country growing up, and I can't stand the country now.
Mark: Really.
Todd: Yeah. I've lived in big cities: San Francisco, London, Bangkok, Tokyo.
Mark: But don't you miss like the, you know, fresh air, and the views. Don't you just tired of concrete jungles, and buildings and.
Todd: Ah, that's true. I mean, when you're in the country, you have fresh air and you do have, you know, the beauty, and this and that, but it's just boring. It's the same five people.
Mark: It is true, but actually I find it's harder to meet people in a big city, because there is so many people, so you're, nobody really cares to stop and talk to you because there is a million other people around, but if you're in a town, a *** all town, or out in the country, the few people you do meet, you form a good relationship with.
Todd: Yeah, that's somewhat true, but there's just no energy. You know the countries slow. You can't just go to any restaurant at any time, you can't, you know, go see a museum, or go see a ball game or go to a nightclub and it's a just a lot of sitting around.
Mark: Well, that's true and, if I do, every time I go back to the country, I always miss those things, like a museum, and you know, concerts and things like that, but I'm just able to relax so much more when I'm out in a rural settiing.
Todd: Well, I hope you have a good time.
Mark: Thanks.
：伦敦和上海
A：How’s your trip going?
你的旅行进行的怎么样了?
B：Oh I’m enjoying myself but it’s so hot here
我玩得非常开心，不过这里的天气太热了。
我说：“What？（什么？）”看着姐姐疑惑的表情，我知道了姐姐听不懂中文，我急忙跑回妈妈那里，妈妈笑着说：“要用英文问‘What’s
this（这是什么）？’”我再次来到姐姐那里，指着冰淇淋，重复了妈妈那句问话，姐姐也笑了说：“Oh! （奥） Strawberry ice-cream.（草莓冰淇淋）”“Thank you!（谢谢）”这句谢谢我还会。我一溜烟跑到了吧台前，点了这杯好吃的草莓冰淇淋，这甜美的滋味我至今还记得。从那时起，在越南英国国际学校的半年时间里，我认真的学习英文，因为书上枯燥的英文字母组合，对我来讲是一个个好吃的食物，一句句可以和人沟通的对话。
转眼三年过去了，学英语已经成了我学习生活重要的一部分。说起学英语的方法，我觉得和学中文有异曲同工之处。同样是需要多听、多背、多读。
多听。就是要多听英语磁带，每天早上，妈妈都给我放着英语学习磁带或英语童话故事磁带，让我刷牙、洗脸，不用刻意记住什么，多听，可以让我更好地培养英语语感。
Dear Supervisor:
Glad that you can read this letter. I bought an English dictionary from xxxx shop. And I found that there were some papers missed. So the other day I came back and hoped to change a good one. But the workers there ignored. What am I going to do with? Need your answer. Also I think you can find a way to improve the service. Please reply as soon as possible.
Good day!
Li Hua
以上就是英文对话模式作文高中的全部内容，我说：“What？（什么？）”看着姐姐疑惑的表情，我知道了姐姐听不懂中文，我急忙跑回妈妈那里，妈妈笑着说：“要用英文问‘What’s this（这是什么）？’”我再次来到姐姐那里，指着冰淇淋，重复了妈妈那句问话，内容来源于互联网，信息真伪需自行辨别。如有侵权请联系删除。
